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Kharkiv KhAI-5
The Kharkiv R-10 (KhAI-5), sometimes Neman R-10 was a Soviet reconnaissance and light bomber aircraft, designed in the mid-1930s in the Kharkiv Aviation Institute (KhAI, - in Ukrainian: ХАІ), under the direction of Iosif Grigorevich Nyeman (sometimes written as Neman).
==Development==
The first prototype of the plane, with a factory designation KhAI-5 (ХАІ-5), flew in June 1936. Despite a lower performance, the aircraft won a contest against another reconnaissance plane design, the Kochyerigin R-9, and was accepted for a production with the military designation R-10 ('R' indicated ''razvyedchik'' meaning reconnaissance in Russian). It was a modern design for the time. 493 R-10s were manufactured in the Kharkiv and Saratov aviation plants by early 1940. The first series showed some teething problems, which resulted in Iosif Nyeman being arrested by the NKVD on December 11, 1938 under the accusation of sabotage and espionage, a common accusation at the time.
In 1938 a variant, the KhAI-5bis was tested with an M-25E engine, achieving a speed of . In 1938, the KhAI-52 ground attack aircraft, based on the R-10, was also developed. It was powered by an Shvetsov M-63 radial engine and armed with seven machine guns and bombs. A production run of an experimental series of 10 aircraft was prepared, but it was cancelled with Nyeman's arrest.
Some production R-10s were fitted with more powerful Tumansky M-88, Shvetsov M-62 and M-63 engines. Over 60 aircraft, withdrawn from the Air Force, were used from 1940 as mail carriers by Aeroflot, under the designation PS-5 (Russian: ПС-5), with 3 passenger seats.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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